I have a DS3231 attached and can read / write time successfully.
i2cdetect shows it accessible on i2c address 0x68 as you'd expect.
None of the advice about configuring an i2c-rtc driver in /boot/config.txt has any effect.
dmesg |grep 3231 returns nothing.
dmesg |grep rtc likewise, except for a message:
Unknown kernel command line parameters "fixrtc splash", will be passed to user space
I note /boot/config-5.15.0-1015-raspi (the most recent of the config files) has mention of the DS1307, but there's no mention of the DS3231 in it - i.e.:
CONFIG_RTC_DRV_DS1307=m
CONFIG_RTC_DRV_DS1307_CENTURY=y
Any clues or diagnostics would be welcome.