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I am a newcomer to Linux and Ubuntu; I was about to start the gdm environment with the command sudo start gdm but I got this message error:

 start: unable to connect to Upstart: Failed to connect to socket
 /com/ubuntu/upstart: Connection refused

Searching more about this issue I realised that I have to move from upstart to systemd and Upstart is no longer used by Ubuntu.

But when I type which upstart I get /sbin/upstart; while which systemctl gave /bin/systemctl.

My question is, how can I use upstart, since it is installed already on my system?

Dodi lila
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1 Answers1

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You cannot. Upstart is installed on Ubuntu 16.04 because some small parts of it are used for specific tasks. Ubuntu uses systemd as the init system, including control of services. Syntactically, you command should be sudo systemctl start gdm; whether if would make sense or not is a different question.

AlexP
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  • [Strictly speaking, xe can](http://askubuntu.com/questions/582200/); but doing so is possibly not the best idea for a novice. – JdeBP Dec 09 '16 at 19:52
  • @JdeBP: Well, you are right, they _can_, for suitably chosen values of _can_. – AlexP Dec 09 '16 at 19:59