Understanding power supply requirements

Question

I have a basic question about power supply requirements for typical transceivers. I'm looking at the specs for a Kenwood TM-V71A, which is a 50W mobile transceiver.

I figured that a 50W transceiver running on a 12V(-ish) power supply would pull around 4A max, but the specs for this radio show a "maximum current drain" of around 13A. How does that work?

score 10 · Accepted Answer · answered Sep 18 '18 at 17:23

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A 50W transmitter is one that can create 50 watts of RF output. The RF amplifier is never 100% efficient, so the input power requirements will always be higher than the output power.

Furthermore, the maximum current drain accounts for startup transients and other peaks in excess of the average current drain.

answered Sep 18 '18 at 17:23

Phil Frost - W8II

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While I didn't expect the RF amplified to be 100% efficient, I'm still surprised at the difference. Anyway, thanks for clarifying! – larsks Sep 18 '18 at 19:36

score 3 · Answer 2 · answered Sep 18 '18 at 19:16

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Note that even when not transmitting, a transceiver will draw power for the receiver, audio amplifier, control panel processor and display, etc. That idle power adds on top of the power sent thru the antenna output connector divided by the amplifier efficiency (the rest of that power/energy heating up the shack).

answered Sep 18 '18 at 19:16

hotpaw2

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True. However, the losses in the PA circuit (and perhaps also the PA driver) far exceed that, which on my IC-765 transceiver is probably less than an amp. – Mike Waters Sep 18 '18 at 21:46

score 3 · Answer 3 · answered Sep 19 '18 at 03:31

The circuitry in a standard radio transceiver will probably draw around an amp while it is powered on - this includes the CPU, display and other such things that are always running. Handheld radios obviously try to keep this current as a minimum, because they run on batteries.

While receiving, there is also the power used by the receiving circuitry, and the audio amplifier, while there is audio being sent to the speakers. This can use an additional amp or so.

However, the real current draw is when transmitting, where most of the current is used by the PA (power amplifier) final stages. These usually operate in class A, AB or B, which are not very efficient - but offer good linearity, and thus low distortion. See the Wikipedia entry on Power Amplifier Classes. These amplifiers require large heatsinks to dissipate the 'waste' energy as heat.

Note that mobile and handheld radios that only transmit FM can use class C amplifiers, which are non-linear, since they always transmit at a constant power. These are much more efficient than class A, AB or B amplifiers, and mean that mobile or handheld FM-only radios use less power when transmitting, and require smaller heatsinks.

The Kenwood TM-V71A in the question appears to be FM only, and thus very likely class C. — Phil Frost - W8II, Sep 19 '18 at 13:03
Agreed, but I was trying to provide a general answer to the question, rather than being completely specific — Scott Earle, Sep 19 '18 at 13:32

score 0 · Answer 4 · answered Oct 16 '22 at 03:42

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Transmitters are never 100% efficient. That's why they have big heat sinks and often fans and get hot (sometimes very hot) when transmitting. All that extra heat is where the extra current goes.

answered Oct 16 '22 at 03:42

John

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Understanding power supply requirements

4 Answers4