For Google Chrome and Chromium, you are probably a victim of Issue 1373: Navigating dark background websites results in blinding white flashes between pages.
There's a hack to minimize, but not totally eliminate, your misery described in comment 261:
As a temporary fix, I set the custom user stylesheet to render pages
with a black background so that before it receives styling information
from the website it renders the window black instead of white, and now
it flashes black instead, which is much more bearable on the eyes
until a permanent solution is made.
The hack involves adding the following lines to your Custom.css which is located in User Stylesheets in your Default folder. In my case, the path is ~/.config/chromium/Default/User Stylesheets.
html, body{
background-color:#000000; //This sets the background color to black
color:#0000FF; //This sets the text to blue, so you can read it on webpages set to use defaults; white is too hard on my eyes and if you dont put this it will be black on black
}
As for Firefox, I use the following code in userChrome.css located in ~/.mozilla/firefox/profile_name/chrome:
@namespace xul url(http://www.mozilla.org/keymaster/gatekeeper/there.is.only.xul);
/*prevent white flash*/
tabbrowser tabpanels { background-color: #111 !important}
If the chrome folder doesn't exist, create it. Note that both chrome and userChrome.css are case-sensitive.