i3 is just a window manager, it is not a desktop environment. As such setting the screen resolution or a background image do not fall into the domain of i3.
That is not to say there is nothing you can do. You can just add exec settings for the commands to your ~/.i3/config.
Usually the X.org should find and set the correct screen resolution on its own. If this does not work for you for some reason, you could create/modify X.org's configuration file in order to set the correct resolution manually. If you just want to do the settings from within your X session I would suggest xrandr.
xrandr --output OUTPUT --mode MODE
Where OUTPUT is the name of your output and MODE one of the availabe resolutions in the format WIDTHxHEIGHT. You can get both from the output of xrandr --query. For example:
Screen 0: minimum 8 x 8, current 1920 x 1080, maximum 8192 x 8192
DP-0 connected primary 1920x1080+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 475mm x 267mm
1920x1080 60.00*+
1680x1050 59.95
1600x900 60.00
1440x900 59.89
1280x1024 60.02
1280x960 60.00
1280x720 60.00
1024x768 60.00
800x600 60.32
640x480 59.94
DP-1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
DP-2 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
DP-3 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
Here the connected output is named DP-0 and 1920x1080 is the currently set mode. With xrandr --output DP-0 --mode 1600x900 the resolution could be set to 1600 by 900 pixels.
There are many programs that allow you to change the background image. If your current choice has a command line interface, you can just use that. Otherwise I would suggest nitrogen. It has a simple GUI, that allows you to easily choose and apply desktop backgrounds, and the previously saved state can just be restored with nitrogen --restore.
So you could add the following to your ~/.i3/config
exec --no-startup-id xrandr --output OUTPUT --mode MODE
exec --no-startup-id nitrogen --restore