18

It confuses me about NAT networking, but I can use VMware and Parallels Desktop to do that.

I knew NAT how it works, just need an explain about this situation.

The following is from official documents. Why HOST can't connect GUEST with NAT. enter image description here

ivan_pozdeev
  • 1,897
  • 18
  • 34
TonyY
  • 281
  • 1
  • 2
  • 4
  • 1
    Are you talking about VirtualBox or VMWare? They are completely different softwares. –  Jan 05 '18 at 07:08
  • 1
    Why need NAT between VM and host ? It's not logical. – Overmind Jan 05 '18 at 07:17
  • 1
    @ThePirateBay In my opinion, these virtual platforms should have the same behavior with NAT mode. Does it depend on different softwares? – TonyY Jan 05 '18 at 07:33
  • 1
    @Overmind I just curious about I always use default mode(NAT) at VMware and Parallels, and I can use HOST to connect GUEST. When I change to use Virtualbox, it didn't work, then I must change to Bridged or Host-only mode. – TonyY Jan 05 '18 at 07:46
  • 1
    *"Does it depend on different softwares?"* - I can't tell, as the VMWare is not open-source, but in general, yes, software can change NAT behavior. Therefore, the software you're using is an important information. –  Jan 05 '18 at 07:48
  • Of course it depends on different software. Different software could choose to implement different NAT behaviors. VirtualBox chose not to allow VM<=>Host communication over NAT. Other vendors chose differently. – jamesdlin Jan 05 '18 at 22:30

5 Answers5

23

If you want to connect to the guest machine from the host, using NAT Network:

First, create a NAT Network - create the network in the VirtualBox Manager, File -> Preferences -> Network, and give it a name.

Assign that named NAT Network to each of the guest machines in their Network configurations in VirtualBox.

Make a note of what IP address is assigned to your guest machines when you run them. It will be something like 10.0.2.15 or 10.0.2.4. In Posix systems, run "ifconfig" and see what ip addresses show up for em0. Make a record of which address goes to which guest machine.

Edit the NAT Network's port forwarding. In VirtualBox manager, go to File -> Preferences -> Network and click the edit button for the NAT Network you are using. Click on Port Forwarding. Add rules that forward ports on your host machine to ip address + port on the guests (You don't need to set the IP address for your host machine, that's optional).

Byron Katz
  • 331
  • 2
  • 5
  • 5
    after you add that rule you need to restart VirtualBox (and thus your VM) - virtualbox should then be listening on port 2222 and you connect to your guest via your *hosts* IP, not the guest IP e.g. 192.168.1.1:2222 (not 10.0.2.4:2222 ! ) – wal Jun 22 '19 at 12:01
  • see also [this image](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Nv3ug.png) of the port forwarding (which was rejected as an edit to this answer by the nasty powers-that-be) – wal Jun 22 '19 at 13:55
13

I know this is old, but the topic is relevant still, and I don't think I've seen this response yet, so here goes... I came to this thread with the same question. Then I thought about it for a bit and realized an ideal solution that is easy to implement.

Add a second interface!!

One is the NAT interface for the VM to talk to the Internet. The other is a host-only interface. In my case, I'm installing a CentOS guest OS. The new interface shows up, both get their IPs on the respective networks. The host-only doesn't establish a default route, so no conflicts. It just works. I access the guest OS openly from the host using the IP on the host-only network that is defined within VirtualBox.

Alex S
  • 131
  • 1
  • 2
  • I confirm this works on VirtualBox 5.2.20 with a CentOS 6 and Windows 7 VM (testing old IEs). As long as the adapters are on the same named "Host-only Adapter", it should just work. – spyle Jan 09 '20 at 21:20
  • No luck for me with VirtualBox for MacOS and Ubuntu Bionic guest. The guest is given an IP address via DHCP in the range 192.168.56.0/24, but there is no way to reach this network from the host. There is no way to edit host-only networks in the preferences pane. – Graham Leggett Jan 14 '20 at 21:23
  • Thanks for the answer. It is the simplest solution of all – Serhii Kheilyk Jul 09 '20 at 13:01
  • 1
    Best answer! Others don't work. – Pavel Tankov Jan 15 '21 at 12:44
  • Simplest operable answer. Adding forwarded ports also consumes the host's ports. – Mert Gülsoy Mar 22 '21 at 13:28
  • Worked for me as well. [Used this for Mac](https://blog.founderatwork.com/how-to-enable-host-only-adapter-for-virtualbox-on-mac-os-x/). – Leonel Sanches da Silva Jun 29 '21 at 19:50
10

To connect from HOST to GUEST VM with NAT networking, just add a port forward.

After that, you can access the forwarded port like a local port:

ssh root@localhost

enter image description here

Gian Marco
  • 201
  • 2
  • 5
7

It seems the official documentation has been improved to make it clearer of which direction the communication occurs, as I discovered from this answer:

Overview of networking modes

SharpC
  • 593
  • 5
  • 8
0

Was bitten by this 2 years ago. For the sake of simplicity i wanted to have all my guests on the same subnet as the VirtualBox interface of the host, to SSH or VNC into any of them. And also have them see eachother, and access Internet (client-only).

As i have about 10 guest VMs for development, on a laptop host that frequently changes from a network to another, i couldn't use bridging (wanted to use fixed-IPs for all the guests for easy access from host).

NAT network was nearly perfect, except no communication between guests and host.

Host-only network was nearly perfect, except no internet access for the guests.

I eventually managed to get a working configuration with one minimal Debian VM acting as DNSmasq with two interfaces, and a bridge of those two interfaces. Well, until last week i just toggled off the virtualbox network interface because of conflict with another software, and when re-enabling it, host to guest access wouldn't work at all anymore.

After 2 hours managed to get back either internet access to guests, or guests access between them and not to the host.

Might maybe try as a last resort Host-Only for all guests, and the gateway VM doing NAT, albeit it'd be very ugly to have both two NATs daisy-chained, and the guests having different addresses between them and from the host.

Julien Marodon
  • 1
  • 1