I am currently using Ubuntu 18.04, and my username is abcxyz (not real, changed for the matter of the question). If I look at the contents of /etc/groups, my user appears in many groups:
$ cat /etc/group | grep abcxyz
adm:x:4:syslog,abcxyz,admin
cdrom:x:24:abcxyz
sudo:x:27:abcxyz,admin
dip:x:30:abcxyz
plugdev:x:46:abcxyz
lpadmin:x:113:abcxyz,admin
abcxyz:x:1000:
sambashare:x:128:abcxyz,admin
libvirtd:x:134:abcxyz,admin
libvirt:x:134:abcxyz,admin
docker:x:1002:abcxyz
However, when I execute groups as my user, I only see:
$ groups
abcxyz
I have already logout and logged back in, restarted computer, and try modifying the group the user belongs to with usermod -a -G, but nothing seems to work.