You can read all about it in the Tor article
Making Tor Browser Updates Stable and Reliable with Fastly.
Tor updates are housed and distributed by
Fastly,
which describes itself as a cloud edge platform, and not by the Tor project.
This is because the Tor project doesn't have the required infrastructure
to support these millions of downloads.
In 2017, when the article was written, these downloads represented
2.1TB/day.
The download method is not detailed in the article, but seeing
this enormous amount of data, it would take forever to pass it
through the Tor network and would overburden it unnecessarily.
In addition, the documentation by Fastly doesn't mention any
Tor addresses.
The answer is highly likely that the Tor browser does a direct
download, using likely the exact same mechanism as Firefox on
which it was built.